SCHOLARS EXPOSED – PART 1

[Before getting into the articles from the Tribune, I think this explanation is warranted.  When I offed these article for publication on another’s website, he declined.  He was concerned about the number of spelling “errors” and didn’t think them authentic.  The explanation is simple.  At the time of publication, there was a movement in the printed media industry to “rationalize” spelling – to take out unnecessary letters.  This was important to that industry, especially daily newspapers with their deadlines, because of the high cost and time consumption of typesetting.  Thus “bureaucracy” became “burocracy.”  There are many other instances of such shortened words in the texts. They are not “errors.”   Today, computer word processing makes the extra letters less important.  We can use such “words” as phreedomphan.]

 

RHODES’ GOAL: RETURN U.S.TO BRITISH EMPIRE
Reprinted from the Chicago Tribune July 15-31, 1951

RHODES’ GOAL: RETURN U. S. TO BRITISH EMPIRE
Scholars Work to That End
BY WILLIAM FULTON
[Chicago Tribune From Service]

New York, July 14—Cecil John Rhodes the empire builder, held a lifelong burning ambition to bring about “the ultimate recovery of the United States of America as an integral part of the British empire.” Today many American Rhodes scholars are working assiduously to make the dream of their imperial patron come true.

These American Rhodes scholars have been going to Oxford university for education and indoctrination in the British way of thinking since 1904. The Rhodes diamond and mining fortune foots the bills. Each year 32 leaders are carefully se1ected for the schooling abroad. Only two world wars temporarily halted the annual crop.

Rhodes cherished schemes for a world power federation dominated by Anglo-Saxons. His American scholars returning from England are the leaders in the drive to sink Uncle Sam deeper in the morass of the affairs of other countries.

Fulbrlght Gets Oxford Itch

By way of example, it was Sen. J. William Fulbright [D., Ark.], who as a young congressman itching with newly acquired Oxford ideas,. introduced the resolution proposing the creation of “international machinery” and the participation of the United States. That was in 1943. The United Nations, the “police action” in Korea with 78,000 American casualties and other events have followed.

It was another Rhodes scholar Robert Lee Humber, who promoted the first action by any legislative body declaring “that all peoples of the earth should now be united in a commonwealth of nations.” This was a resolution adopted by the North Carolina legislature in 1941. Humber had just returned to this country after 16 years in the oil business in Europe.

U. S. Surrenders to U. N.

Rhodes told intimates it might take a century for his “great dream” to be fulfilled. Less than half a century has passed. To an extent the decision reached by the American revolution has been reversed already, in the opinion of historical observers.

Politically, It is pointed out, the United States has surrendered some sovereignty to a supra-body, the United Nations, in which the British foreign office wields tremendous influence. Militarily Americans are fighting for foreign interests as they did in the French and Indian wars. Economically the country is pouring out its wealth in the form of foreign “aid” just as it did before the Boston tea party.

How are Rhodes’ American proteges throwing their weight around? More than a third of the living American scholars are in the educational field, mostly at Harvard and other eastern institutions. In their teaching and writing they pass along the views they soaked up from the Oxford Dons.

But in recent years the scholars have infiltrated the government in increasing numbers. They hold key positions, particularly in the vital foreign policy-making state department.

Active In Opinion Molding

Rhodes scholars also command posts in the United Nations and economic cooperatlon administration. The returnlng savants are active in the field of opinion molding with a large sprinkling among the eastern internationalist press, magazines, and radio.

An analysis of the American scholars by various occupations follows:
Teachers, professors, college and
preparatory school presidents………………………………..424
Lawyers………………………………………………………………168
Judges………………………………………………………………… 10
Federal government………………………………………….. 100
State and municipal posts………………………………….. 16
Armed forces…………………………………………………… 21
Private business. Industrialists, research, etc. ……… 104
Finance and banking………………………………………… 33
News, radio, magazines, writers……………………….. 60
Doctors…………………………………………………………. 32
Churchmen……………………………………………………. 20
Miscellaneous……………………………………………….. 15
Students still at Oxford or graduate schools………. 103
Unclassified or retired……………………………………. 76
——-
Total………………………………………………………… 1,183 *
[Note: The total is off by one. This could be due to the difficulty in OCR and proofing the small numbers in a poor photocopy or it could have been an error in the original. — The Transcriber]

Rhodes, the man who set this vast propaganda project in motion, was born in an English par-
sonage in 1853. Delicate health as a youth led him to Africa and the diamond fields of Kimberley where the sparklers laid the basis of his fortune. He returned to Oxford to resume his schooling.

Rhodes’ Sense of Destiny

Even as a student, Rhodes had a sense of destiny, of shaping history to suit his own tastes, and he outlined his views in a document called “Confession of Faith” at about the time he prepared his first will in 1877. He wrote:

“I have felt that at the present day we are actually limiting children and perhaps bringing into the world half the human beings we might owing to the lack of country for them to inhabit, that if we had retained America there would at the present moment be many millions more of English living. “I contend that we are the finest race in the world and that the more of the world we inhabit the better it is for the human race.”

The sentence could have been written by a Hitler or a Mussolini This remarkable document then went on to spell out more specifically the Rhodes overweening aims for world domination as follows:

“The extension of British rule thruout the world, the perfecting of a system of emigration from the United Kingdom and of colonization by British subjects of all lands wherein the means of livelihood are attainable by energy, labor and enterprise, and especially the occupation by British settlers of the entire continent of Africa, the Holy land, the valley of Euphrates, the islands of Cyprus and Candia, the whole of South America, the Islands of the Pacific not heretofore possessed by Great Britain, the whole of the Malay archipelago, the seaboard of China and Japan, the ultimate recovery of the United States of America as an integral part of the British empire. the consolidation of the whole empire, the inauguration of a system of colonial representation in the Imperial parliament which may tend to weld together the disjointed members of the empire, and finally the foundation of so great a power as to hereafter render wars impossible and promote the best interest of humanity.”

Planned Secret Society

Rhodes penned seven wills, the originals of which repose today in the Rhodes house at Oxford. The first five contemplated the creation of a world-wide secret society to promote the British empire.

“In considering question suggested take constitution Jesuits if obtainable and insert ‘English Empire’ for ‘Roman Catholic religion,’” said a letter accompanying the second will.

The sixth will, dated 1893, made the first provision for scholarships. They were to be for “young colonists” in the furtherance of empire unity. American scholarships appeared in the final will, prepared in 1899 and made public in 1902 following Rhodes’ death.

Rhodes earmarked two scholarships for each American state and territory. At the time there were 45 states and five territories which would have meant 100 American scholarships and only 60 for the whole of the British empire.

Scholars Call it Oversight

“When Rhodes assigned his scholarships,” wrote Mrs. Sarah Gertrude Millin, in her biografy, “Rhodes,” “he believed there were still only the original 13 states in the union of America.”

Rhodes’ scholars indignantly deny this and claim it was only an oversight on the part of their patron. They say it was an oversight also that Rhodes made scholarship allocations to Quebec and Ontario but left out the other provinces of Canada. Trustees of the estate have rectified matters by awarding 32 scholarships annually in the United States of 100 and bringing in other Canadian provinces.

The South African despot and empire builder, advised of American public opinion, moderated his language in the final will from the bold declarations of his early “Confession of Faith.”

Departing from the early violent racism, Rhodes Inserted a clause [No. 24] in the seventh will stating that “no student shall be qualified or disqualified for election to a scholarship on account of his race or religious opinions.”

Dr. Frank Aydelotte, director of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, N. J., and American secretary to the Rhodes trustees since 1918, was asked how this worked out in practice. He replied that out of the 1,400 Americans selected as Rhodes scholars since 1904, one has been a Negro. He is Alain Locke, who went to the University of Pennsylvania before going to Oxford. Locke is now a professor of philosofy at Howard university, Washington, D. C.

Hoped to Absorb U. S.

Rhodes did not mention his hopes for absorbing the United States back into the British empire in his final will but there is evidence that he hoped that dream would be fulfilled. The evidence comes from Rhodes’ intimates. Sir Francis Wylie, first of the Oxford trustees of the Rhodes estate, let the cat out of the bag on this point in an article published by the American Oxonian, official publication of Rhodes scholars in this country, in January 1945. The English knight, now living in retirement at the age of 85 near Oxford university, said views coincided with those of Bouchier Francis Hawksley, Rhodes’ solicitor or lawyer. Wylie stated: “In January, 1904 Mr. Hawksley, sending his co-trustee a copy of a document by Rhodes [no doubt the 1877 ‘Confession of Faith’] said in a covering 1etter:

“‘I know, perhaps no one better, how much store Rhodes put upon the long document and his wishes as therein indicated. I think when you read the paper you understand what I meant when I said I did not regard the will as an educational one in the same sense that you did.’”

Aims at Political Bias

The Hawksley letter is preserved in the archives at Rhodes house, Oxford. Wylie was moved to comment, “Hawskley was right,” he said. “This is not an educational endowment as ordinarily understood. Its purpose is not to give anybody an education he could not otherwise afford; nor to promote learning; but to encourage in the rising generation of English-speaking people a particular outlook on the problems of the world—to give them, in fact, a political bias.

“This idea of using scholarships as instruments of a ’political‘ purpose had come to Rhodes seven years earlier, and had taken shape in the will of 1893 [ the one establishing scholarships for ‘Young colonists‘ ].”

Thus, from the mouths of two of Rhodes’ closest associates, it is confirmed that the prime purpose of establishing the scholarships was to further the dream revealed in the “Confession of Faith.” that embraced the ultimate recovery of the United States of America as an integral part of the British empire.”

The part played in this underground movement by individual American Rhodes scholars will be disclosed in subsequent articles.

RHODES IDEALS SLANT STATE DEPT. POLICIES

Key Posts Held by Oxford Scholars
BY WILLIAM FULTON
(Chicago Tribune. Press Service)

New York, July 15—Key positions in the United States department of state are held by a net work of American Rhodes scholars. Rhodes scholars are men who obtained supplemental education and indoctrination at Oxford university in England with the bills paid by the estate of Cecil John Rhodes, British empire builder. Rhodes wrote about his ambition to cause “the ultimate recovery of the United States of America as an integral part of the British empire.” The late diamond and gold mining tycoon aimed at a world federation dominated by Anglo-Saxons. His intimates have admitted the scholarships were established for the primary purpose of instilling “political bias” rather than providing education.

32 Scholarship, a Year

Thirty-two scholarships have been awarded in this country every year, except in war times since 1904. The state department and its foreign service rolls are studded with a total of 34 Rhodes scholars, or two more than the annual production.

Rhodes’ proteges have exercised considerable influence in the foreign policies of this country within the last few years, particularly in the far east where diplomatic blunders led to the Korean debacle with its 78,000 American casualties—to date.

On the top echelon at the state department sit two savants who soaked up the British way of looking at the world at the foot of the Oxford dons. They are Assistant State Secretary Dean Rusk, in charge of far eastern affairs and Assistant State Secretary George C. McGhee, in charge of near eastern, south Asian, and African affairs.

Gets Too Hot

Rhodes scholars have had a throttlehold on the country’s policies toward the far east for two decades. Appointed in March of 1950, Rusk took the place of another Rhodes scholar, W. Walton Butterworth. Butterworth was an assistant state secretary until criticism got too hot and he was kicked upstairs to became ambassador to Sweden. It will be recalled the senate originally confirmed Butterworth’s appointment as assistant secretary for far eastern affairs only after four months of debate early in 1949. Sen. Styles Bridges [R., N. H.] told the senate approval of Butterworth would amount to an indorsement of “the complete failure of American diplomacy in China.”

Adviser to Marshall

Butterworth had been a principa1 assistant and adviser to Gen. George C. Marshall during his disastrous post-war mission to China which culminated in suggestions for including Communists in the national cabinet, and paved the way to complete Red conquest of the Chinese mainland.

Before the war and during the entire period of strained relations between Japan and the United States another Rhodes scholar had charted the state department’s meandering course in the far east. He was Stanley K. Hornbeck. Hornbeck was chief of the division of far eastern affairs during the thirties and then became political adviser on the far east. He retired in 1945 after a brief fling at the post of ambassador to the Netherlands.

Hornbeck arrogated to himself wide powers while at the state department. This was revealed in the testimony of Adm. .T. C. Richardson, who commanded the fleet in the Pacific for 13 months prior to February of 1941, before the congressional committee investigating the Pearl Harbor attack.

Admiral Meets Snub

Richardson told the committee during a hearing in 1945 that he found Hornbeck had more to say about the fleet than he did. The admiral had suggested the war vessels be returned from Hawaii to the west coast. President Roosevelt refused to follow this suggestion because he claimed their stay In Hawaii represented a “restraining influence” on Japanese aggression.

Alger Hiss, Roosevelt’s Yalta adviser who is now in federal prison serving out a sentence for perjury which involved his espionage activities, was assistant to Hornbeck from 1933 to 1944. Hornbeck testified as a character witness for Hiss during his trials. He admitted he heard Hiss described as a “fellow traveler” by William C. Bullitt, former ambassador to France, but upheld his integrity on the witness stand.

Assistant State Secretary McGhee is a sample of how chummy you can get in the rarified atmosphere of Oxford and topshell diplomacy. His dean and tutor at Oxford from 1934 on for three years was Sir Oliver Franks, now representing his Britannic majesty’s labor government as ambassador to the United States.

Appointed in 1943

McGhee was appointed to his post in the summer of 1949 after having served the state department as special representative to the near east on the Palestine refugee problem and as coördinator for the 400 million dollar aid to Greece and Turkey.

With the near east, south Asia and Africa falling within his sphere. McGhee has answerable to him 53 foreign service stations, of which 14 are embassies, and a vast territory embracing 700 million people. Britain has vital interests in the area.

McGhee, a millionaire oilman from Texas, recently journeyed to Iran to confer on the proposed nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian oil company.

List Other Rhodes Thinkers

Other important positions held by Rhodes scholars in the state department are as follows:

Robert W. Barnett, officer in charge, economic affairs, bureau of far eastern affairs.
Bryton Barron, assistant for treaty affairs, office of legal advisor
Louis E. Frechtllng, acting chief, division of research for near and Africa.
B. M. Hulley, officer in charge of northern European affairs.
S. Shepard Jones, officer in charge of public affairs, bureau of near east, south Asia and African affairs.
G. B. Noble, chief, division of historical policy research.
Archibald B. Roosevelt Jr., chief, near east section, voice of America.
H. H. Sargeant, deputy assistant secretary of state for public affairs.
Schmitt in Research
Bernadotte E. Schmitt. chief, German war documents project, division of historical policy research.
Conrad E. Snow, assistant legal adviser.
Five other Rhodes scholars hold down jobs in the state department in Washington and 16 are scattered around the globe in American embassies and consulates.

RHODES’ IDEAS FIND FERTILE GROUND IN U. N.

‘Scholars’ Advance British Schemes
BY WILLIAM FULTON
[Chicago Tribune Press Service]

New York, July 16—American Rhodes scholars, men who have received education and indoc- trination at Oxford university, England, are prominent in the affairs of the United Nations. The U. N. is an outgrowth of the schemes developed by the scho1ars patron, Cecil Rhodes, the British empire builder.

Rhodes dreamed of an Anglo-Saxon federation, with the British dominating, an organization powerful enough to police the world and preserve the peace. In his writings the diamond despot of South Africa showed he hoped the scholarships would promote his grandiose idea. Thirty-two American collegians go to Oxford each year under terms of Rhodes’ will.

Gross Oxford-Educated

Dean Rusk, assistant secretary of state, a Rhodes scholar and an obsequious Anglophile, headed the U. N. office in the department before he was placed in charge of far eastern affairs. Rusk, it will be recalled, went along with the British on their ill-fated Palestine trusteeship plan which would have nailed down bases and other military advantages for his Britannic majesty’s forces.

Ernest A. Gross, Oxford-educated and a former assistant secretary of state, is the deputy delegate from the United States to the U. N. He has been acting delegate an many occasions and is the real top man on the American mission as a result of Chief Delegate Warren Austin’s increasing inactivity due to advancing years.

Upon graduation from Harvard, Gross attended Oxford in 1927 and 1928. While he is not listed as a Rhodes scholar, he did absorb the teachings of the Oxford dons on foreign policy—as the British see it—and on other matters. Gross rowed on one of the college crews at Oxford.

Founder of A. V. C.

Another Oxford savant who is a big shot in the U. N. setup is Charles G. Bolte, special adviser to the American representative on the security council. Bolte holds the distinction of having been an Anglophile long before he became a Rhodes scholar. After his graduation from Dartmouth in 1941, he joined the British Royal Rifles and served under Field Marshal Montgomery in Africa.

Bolte lost a leg at Alamein in 1943. He then joined the United States office of war information as a writer. Altho he had not served with the American forces, he founded the so-called American veterans committee, a radical, pro-New Deal group. Then he obtained a post-war appointment to Oxford. Returning to this country in 1949, he got the U. N. job.

Other Rhodes scholars active in the U. N. include the following:

C. B. Wicart, chief of the tax section of the bureau of finance. It was Wicart who obtained exemption for the U. N. from retail sales taxes, hotel occupancy taxes, and other levies in New York City.
S. M. Keeney, far eastern director of the U. N. international children’s emergency fund. He formerly was director of the Italian program for the United Nations relief and rehabilitation administration.
Marshall J. Wolfe, department of social affairs of the U. N.
Walter A. Chudson, department of economic affairs of the U. N.
James R. Fowler, bureau for United Nations affairs, office of dependent area affairs, state department.
D. M. French, bureau of United Nations affairs, state department.

Others Prominent in U. N.

Rhodes scholars from British dominions also are prominent in the U.N. J. King Gordon, a Canadian, is with the U. N. division of human rights here in New York, I. E. Berendsen, a New Zealander, is political affairs officer for the U. N.. trusteeship division. A. M. Acock, a South African, is with the U. N. food and agricultural organization.

In his 1893 will Rhodes established scholarships for “young colonials“ with the expressed wish they would serve to knit the empire more closely together. Not until his last will in 1899 did he make provision for Americans and Germans. The German scholarships have not been resumed since the war.

According to intimates, Rhodes aimed at instilling “political bias” into the students who came to Oxford thru the courtesy of his fortune. His friends said his life long dream was set forth in his “Confession of Faith.” Drawn up in 1877, this curious document carried the seeds of the U. N. and other globalist schemes.

Seeks to “Recover” U. S.

Rhodes outlined his plan as follows:

“The ultimate recovery of the United States of America as an integral part of the British empire, the consolidation of the whole empire, the inauguration of a system of colonial representation in the imperial parliament which may tend to weld together the disjointed members of the empire, and finally the foundation of so great a power as to hereafter render wars impossible and promote the best interests of humanity.”

Dr. Frank Aydelotte, director of the institute for advanced study at Princeton and since 1918 American secretary to the Rhodes trustees, discussed this point in his book, “The American Rhodes Scholarships, a Review of the First Forty Years.”

“Important in his plan is recovery of the United States, not as a subject people but as a free member of a federated empire.” Dr. Aydelotte wrote. “His views look beyond the expansion of the British empire and the recovery of America to the government of the whole world and the establishment of enduring peace.”

Ready to Shed Blood

Rhodes, a tyrant and dictator in the Cape colony as well as other parts of South Africa, showed by his acts that his definition of establishing “peace” was the enforcement of British rule over other peoples. He was not averse to shedding blood in order to get his kind of “peace.”

In 1895 Rhodes gave men, money, and influence toward the abortive Jameson raid.This was a raid led by his associate, Leander Starr Jameson, into the Transvaal in support of a projected rising at Johannesburg. The rising failed to materialize. James and his 500 men had to surrender to the Boer commanders.

For his part in the conspiracy, Rhodes was condemned by both the Cape and imperial parliaments.

Besides fathering the world federation or U. N. idea, Rhodes also was a champion of “human rights” for political reasons. His final will declared that no prospective scholar be qualified or disqualified for racial reasons.

At the same time while he reigned supreme in the Cape colony, however, Rhodes imposed property qualifications and other restrictive devices to prevent the predominantly black population from voting.

SCHOLARS HELP BRITISH CASH IN ON U. S. BILLIONS

Rhodes Men Hold Key Dole Jobs
BY WILLIAM FULTON
[Chicago Tribune Press Service]

New York, July 17—.”Diamonds are a girl’s best friend,” the popular song goes, and diamonds also are a Rhodes scholar’s best friend. Approximately 1,.400 Americans have gone to Oxford university, England, since 1904 with the way paid from the estate of Cecil Rhodes, diamond magnate and British empire builder.

Today numerous Rhodes scholars are in a position to repay their educational benefactor in dollars for the sparklers dug up on their behalf from the diamond lands seized by the British in South Africa during the last century.

Rhodes scholars dominate the United States department of state, which directs the doling out of billions in foreign aid, with the United Kingdom getting the major share. The savants also hold down important positions in the economic cooperation administration, mutual defense assistance program, and other foreign handout setups.

Parallels Rhodes Ambitions

This is all in keeping with Rhodes’ overweening ambitions for a world federation dominated by Anglo-Saxons for the purpose of enforcing peace and the status quo. He also aimed at “the ultimate recovery of the United States of America as an integral part of the British empire.”

With the Oxford-indoctrinated Rhodes scholars holding key positions in the Washington administration, Britain obtained 31 billion dollars from Uncle Sam in the form of ‘lend-lease” outlays during the war. ‘That was followed by the 3-3/4 billion dollar “gift loan” to Britain in 1946.

During the first three years of the Marshall plan ECA largesse the United Kingdom received 2 billion 706 million dollars, by far the largest allotment. A bill providing 8? billion dollars far the military and economic aid program abroad is pending before congress.

Rhodes Scholar In Charge

Currently the mutual defense assistance program is being carried out with an appropriation of a billion dollars. It is not surprising to observers to find a Rhodes scholar in charge of divvying up the billion dollars’ worth of military aid to western Europe. He is Lt. Col. Charles H. Bonesteel III.

Bonesteel is executive director of the European coordinating committee for the mutual defense assistance program, the MDAP in alphabetical nomenclature. The colonel makes his office in London, not far from his old Oxford haunts.

He was graduated from the United States military academy at West Point in 1931 and from Oxford in 1934. He then was in the regular army as an engineer and went to England in 1941 as an observer for the engineering board. Bonesteel was an operations officer in the Normandy invasion, later serving on the staffs of Gen. Bradley and Marshal Montgomery.

After the war, Bonesteel representcd the war department at several international conferences and was lent for a time to the state department planning staff.

On Col. Bonesteel’s staff in London is another Rhodes scholar, H. L. Merillat. Another American Rhodes scholar who has settled down In England for a stretch is H. S. Arms, assistant director at the division of atomic energy.

The ECA, principal doler-outer of funds after the British gift loan was dissipated ahead of schedule and the forerunner of the MDAP, has several Rhodes scholars holding key posts.

ECA Deputy on List

They Include the following:

Harlan Cleveland, deputy assistant program administrator for the ECA, with offices in Washington. He formerly was director of the ECA’s China program and chief at the United Nations relief and rehabilitation administration mission to China. Before that he was deputy director of the UNRRA mission to Italy.

John M. Cassels, director of research for the ECA mission with offices at the American embassy in London. A former professor of the graduate school of public administration at Harvard, Cassels was vice chairman of the combined working party on European food supplies during the war. Afterward he became an economist for the United States department of commerce.

Lincoln Gordon, professor of governmnent and administration, Harvard Business school, and director of the program, review, and recovery division, office of special representative of the ECA in Paris. During the war he was vice chairman of the war production board. Later he joined the staff at the United States atomic energy delegation at the U. N.

Wilfred Martin Kluss, overseas development office at the ECA in Paris and special adviser to W. Averell Harriman, in turn is special adviser to President Truman Kluss is associated with Morgan Stanley & Co., investment bankers in New York.

B. E. L. Timmons, deputy director of the ECA mission to France. Last year he was acting head.
A. B. Daspit, office of ECA representative in Europe, located in Paris.

Felix I. Shafner, chief economist for the ECA in Washington and chief of the liaison branch of the national advisory council on international monetary and financial problems.

S. J. Hyning Jr., ECA offices in Washington.

Rhodes’ proteges also are spotted, in the occupation setups Germany. R. L. Guthrie, a Rhodes scholar, is presiding judge of the United States courts for the allied high commission of Germany. The chief of the legislation division, office of general counsel for the high commissioner, is N. H. Mitchell, also a scholar.

Another, John F. Golay, is deputy United States secretary to the allied high commission at Bonn-Petersberg.

RHODES’ GRADS FLOCK TO JOBS IN BUROCRACY

Work to Advance Patron’s Schemes
BY WILLIAM FULTON
[Chicago Tribune Press Service]

New York, July 18—Rhodes scholars returning to this country are following the cherished plans of their imperial patron, Cecil Rhodes, and are flocking into positions of influence in the United States government. There are 100 in the government today as contrasted with 74 in 1946, a canvass shows.

Rhodes, empire builder and South African despot, left provision for American scholarships at Oxford university, England, in his seventh and final will in 1899. Fourteen hundred American campus “leaders” have been educated and indoctrinated at the jolly old English Institution since 1904 and are currently being turned out at the rate of 32 annually.

World Domination Sought

Thruout his life, Rhodes had a burning desire to restore the United States to the British empire in the form of an Anglo-Saxon federation that would dominate the world.

He wanted his annual crop of posthumous proteges all to be leaders who would come back and preach the gospel as they learned it at his old alma mater, Oxford.

Today the scholars are sprinkled around in virtually every branch of the government. On the legislative side, Sen. Fulbright [D., Ark.] is a prime plugger for involvement of the United States in “international machinery.” Rhodes savants dominate the state department, the economic cooperation administration, the mutual defense assistance program, the United Nations, and other foreign handout agencies.

Publication Lists “Scholars”

The names of Rhodes scholars who have nailed down jobs in the state department and the handout agencies already have been revealed in this series of articles. A listing of the most prominent 20 scholars in other branches, as compiled from the October, 1950, American Oxonian, the official publlcation of the group in this country, follows:

Samuel Adams, director of personnel, bureau of the budget, executive office of the President.
Carl B. Albert, Democratic member congress from Oklahoma.
Dana K. Bailey, physicist, central radio propagations laboratory, national bureau of standards.
J. D. Burrus Jr., executive office of the President, bureau of budget.
C. L. Burwell, special assistant to assistant secretary of navy for air.
Albert G. Cornsweet, chief clinical psychologist, mental hygiene clinic, veterans administration.
B. M. Davis, senior surgeon, United States public health service.
C. D. Edward, director, bureau of industrial economics.
Grady C. Frank, office, chief of staff, department of the army.
E. S. Griffith, director of the legislative reference service, library of congress.
Robert Hale, Republican member of congress from Maine.
G. K. Hartmann, chief, explosives research department, naval ordnance laboratory.
Philip M. Kaiser, assistant secretary of labor.
J. Burke Knapp Jr., assistant director, economic department, International Bank of Reconstruction and Development.
J. H. Macomber Jr., associate general counsel, general services administration.
C. D. Mahaffie, member interstate commerce commission.
E. K. McClaskey, principal field examiner, national labor relations board
James McCormack Jr., brigadier general, United States army, director of military application, United States atomic energy commission
Karl B. Price, assistant general counsel, treasury department
Eugene Sunderlin, scientific director, office of naval research, London.

“Leadership” Is Stressed

While Rhodes directed his scholars should be selected with an eye to a nice balance of scholastic ability, character, and aptitude for athletic sports, he stressed above all the “leadership” requirement.

During the preparation of his last will, Rhodes wrote a letter to his solicitor or lawyer, Bouchier Francis Hawksley of Madeira. in which he discussed this qualification as follows:

“In awarding the scholarships, great consideration shall be given to those who have shown during school days that they have instincts to lead and take an interest in their schoolmates, which attributes will be likely in after life to guide them to esteem the performance of public duties as their highest aim.”

“Manners” Also Considered

Of his designs on the indoctrination of the scholars to be chosen from the colonies [now dominions], Rhodes said in his final will:

“I consider that the education of young colonists at one of the universities in Great Britain is a great advantage to them for giving breadth to their views, for their instruction in life and manners, and for instilling into their minds the advantages to the colonies as well as to England of the retention of the unity of the empire.”

Rhodes started in 1877 with the idea of leaving his wealth, obtained in the exploitation of South African diamond lands and from other sources, for the creation of a secret society. This society would extend British rule thruout the world. The idea persisted thru the first five wills, and the American scholarships did not materialize until the last one.

Log-Rolling Employed

In this country Rhodes’ men banded together in a tight organization called the Association of American Rhodes Scholars. It is not a secret society, but many of the scholars are working so fervidly to carry out the dreams of their educational benefactor that the ultimate goal is the same.

From 1904 to 1917, when World War I halted the migration across the seas to Oxford, scholars were selected by college and university presidents in the various states. The result was a lot of log-rolling, with one school getting a scholar one year and throwing the plum to another school the next.

Therefore, in 1919 committees of selection composed of .American Rhodes scholars were formed. These committees have picked the scholars ever since, making the association a closed, self-perpetuating fraternity.

Dr. Frank Aydelotte, director of the institute for advanced study at Princeton, N. J., and since 1918 American secretary to the Rhodes trustees, attaches “great importance” to this system.

“The result has been to unify the whole body of Rhodes scholars in a natural way, without recourse to the artificial get – together schemes commonly used by alumni secretaries of American universities, which rarely appeal to the ablest or busiest men,” Dr .Aydelotte wrote somewhat snobbishly in his book. “The American Rhodes Scholarships.”

“It meant, furthermore, that older men were often able to assist their young proteges, just back from Oxford, in finding suitable posts in the United States.”

Up-to the end of World War II, the trend of the scholars was to go into education. More than a third of the total output became teachers, professors, educational administrators, and college presidents. Now the trend is toward government jobs, or public life, as Rhodes willed it.